Suchergebnisse

Promoting people's happiness is a vital goal of public policy, and air pollution, as the focus of public opinion, is an important influencing factor of residents' happiness. Although previous literature has explored the relationship between air pollution and happiness, the impact of pollution sensitivity on the relationship has so far received little attention. This paper uses the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey database (CLDS) to study the impact of air pollution on personal happiness and dissects the moderating effect of air pollution sensitivity from the stock and incremental perspectives. The results found that (1) there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between air pollution and residents' happiness, such that happiness increases and then decreases with increasing air pollution. The PM10 concentration at the turning point is 119.69 μg/m3, which exceeds the national secondary standard limit (70 μg/m3) by 70.99% and is at the intermediate stage of mild pollution, exceeding the WHO recommended standard (20 μg/m3) by 498.45%, far higher than the international standard recommended level; (2) both air pollution stock sensitivity and incremental sensitivity have a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between air pollution and happiness, and pollution sensitivity exacerbates the negative effect of air pollution on residents' happiness by shifting the curve turning point to the left and steepening the curve shape; (3) in addition, the effect of air pollution on different groups is significantly heterogeneous, with lower-age and male groups more likely to have lower happiness due to air pollution; the positive moderating effect of pollution sensitivity is more significant in lower-age, female, and higher-income groups. Therefore, in order to enhance residents' happiness, the government should not only improve air quality, but also focus on helping residents establish an appropriate subjective perception of air quality.

This article presents the history of the formation and development of Russian oriental and sinology studies, as well as a detailed analysis of the scientific works of Russian and Chinese scientists, in particular, much attention is paid to the works of B.L. Riftin.

AbstractAlthough environmental taxes have become a popular policy tool, their effectiveness for pollution control and impact on the compliance strategies of agents remains questionable. This research uses a quasi‐experimental design to examine the effectiveness of the Pay for Permit policy, an environmental tax that has been imposed on water pollution emissions in Lake Tai Basin, Jiangsu, China, since 2009. A plant‐level panel dataset from 2007 to 2010 is used for both difference‐in‐differences and difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences analyses to compare the pollution discharge, pollution abatement, and pollution generation of policy participants and control groups. The results indicate that treated plants reduce their emissions by about 40 percent after two years of the policy implementation. Thus, the policy generated approximately a 7 percent decrease in the industrial chemical oxygen demand emission in the entire Lake Tai Basin based on the emission level of 2007. Pollution is primarily reduced via end‐of‐pipe abatement instead of cleaner production. Our results show the effectiveness of environmental taxes in controlling industrial pollution, and indicate that the tax may not motivate the adoption of innovative techniques in the short term.

AbstractThis study investigates how environmental penalties affect the share prices of Chinese listed companies. By linking the share prices of listed firms to the full administrative environmental penalty records from 2015 to 2020, market reactions to 3602 environmental violations measured by cumulative abnormal return (CAR) are studied. We find that after an environmental penalty, the share price of the violator would decline significantly, but with a small magnitude in general. Our results provide empirical evidence that companies are paying some extra costs in the stock market for their environmental noncompliance in China, especially for environmental penalties with large fines, business bans, or those issued by high‐level governments. Also, large, state‐owned, and key emission unit companies are found to be less affected.